You can do these shots in different ways and possibly the most common way among many I have seen is to use a telephoto lens and snipe from a distance. Some tend to justify this by saying its the only real 'candid' way of doing it. But I personally dislike it due to many reasons.
1. It comes a little creepy when you do it. I will stop this line of thoughts right here :)
2. It lacks the soul of the person since you don't get up close. Not that I never shot from a bit far away.... but if the surrounding environment does not provide a lot of context, I tend not to do that.
Getting close means using a bit of wide angle, which works well. Since you are not shooting beauty or glamor on the streets, its OK to have some distortions imho. But when you do get close, you are definitely interacting with the subject. I personally ask the subject 95% of the time for permission and I m always surprised the positive feedback I v had when I ask upfront. I remember one guy saying no, if I am shooting for a newspaper once :D. As I said, some will say that this is not the candid way.. But I believe its the only way that both parties will depart with a smile on their face. It will also build up your confidence a lot mind you.
The pics below were all taken after talking to the subject and getting their OK to shoot. I have intentionally given almost no instructions on their expressions etc..
This is one of the first on the hour... He was a real nice guy with a great personality. The was in his eyes and wanted to get that expression.
Once I shot the guy above, he caught up to me and asked if I would like to shoot his friend too. That s an instant plus of asking people and being upfront about my intentions. What got my attention was his sun glasses.. so thought to make them the focus of attention.
This person was waiting for his bus and just moved away when I came in with the camera thinking he was in my shot. I told him that its him who makes my shot and not the landscape. He was OK with it and continued what he was doing.. Smoking...
I saved the best for the end.. I loved this guy's personality. It was cold that morning and he was smoking while drinking a cup of coffee. I asked him if he mind standing in for a portrait. He said sure. I showed him the result on the back of my camera after shooting and he was really happy with it. For me this picture has a deep story.. about life, experience and sorrow. I ll let you fill in the gaps :)
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Akila.